Geobacter metallireducens is a rod shaped, gramnegative, anaerobic bacteria and can be seen to have flagella and pili. Supporting information facultative nitrate reduction by. Geobacter is the name of a genus that is located within the deltaproteobacteria comprising several species of feiiireducing bacteria lovley et al. Disparity of cytochrome utilization in anodic and cathodic. Nevin and derek lovley department of microbiology, university of massachusetts, amherst, ma, usa. Until recently, electrically conductive pili epili, assembled from the pila pilin monomer, were the only known geobacter. It can produce high current densities, and it has the ability to forge direct electrical connections with methanogenic microorganisms 25, 26. Geobacter sulfurreducens is capable of coupling the complete oxidation of organic compounds to iron reduction. Flux analysis of central metabolic pathways in geobacter. Geobacter metallireducens smug1 gmesmug1 is an interesting family 3 enzyme in the udg superfamily, with dual substrate specificities for dna with uracil or xanthine. Geobacter is known as a type of bacteria that is able to conduct levels of electricity, and the species g. Geobacter has become an icon for teaching about microbial electrogenesis and microbial fuel cells and has appeared in educational kits that are available for students and hobbyists.
Acetate labeled in the 1st or 2nd position was the sole carbon source,and fenta was the sole terminal electron acceptor. Geobacter bemidjiensis is a member of the geobacteraceae, a family of feiiirespiring deltaproteobacteria that are of interest for their role in cycling of carbon and metals in aquatic sediments and subsurface environments as well as the bioremediation of organic and metalcontaminated groundwater and the harvesting of electricity from complex organic matter 1, 2. Pdf electricity production by geobacter sulfurreducens. The ability to utilize either hydrogen or acetate as the sole electron donor for feiii redn. It is able to gain energy through the dissimilatory reduction of iron, manganese, uranium and other metals. Summary geobacter metallireducens is an important model.
Geobacter sulfurreducens is a gramnegative metal and sulphurreducing proteobacterium. Rattray, elon correa, haitham alrabiah, jonathan r. Zhang t, tremblay pl, chaurasia ak, smith ja, bain ts and lovley dr 2014 identification of genes specifically required for the anaerobic metabolism of benzene in geobacter metallireducens. The measured labeledacetate uptake rate was 21 mmolgdwh in the exponential growth phase. The genome sequence of geobacter metallireducens is the second to be completed from the metalrespiring genus geobacter, and is compared in this report to that of geobacter sulfurreducens in order to understand their metabolic, physiological and regulatory similarities and differences. Nucleotidase activities of the 26s proteasome and its regulatory complex. The resulting isotope labeling pattern of amino acids. Geobacter is rodshaped with flagella and is known to have unusual electron transfer and environmental restorative capabilities, giving it several industrial uses. On the other hand, geobacter metallireducens was the. We analyzed the carbon fluxes in the central metabolism ofgeobacter metallireducens strain gs15 using c isotopomer modeling. Geobacter sulfurreducens an overview sciencedirect topics. Previous studies have demonstrated that geobacter metallireducens can anaerobically oxidize benzene to carbon dioxide with feiii as the sole electron acceptor and that phenol is.
We examined the clabeling patterns of proteinogenic amino acids obtained from g. Mar 28, 2018 january 3, 2018 support me on patreon. Geobacter anodireducens geobacter argillaceus geobacter bemidjiensis geobacter bremensis geobacter chapellei geobacter daltonii geobacter grbiciae geobacter hephaestius geobacter humireducens geobacter hydrogenophilus geobacter lovleyi geobacter luticola geobacter metallireducens. It can also use uranium for its growth and convert uvi to uiv. Previous studies have suggested that members of the geobacteraceae can use electrodes as electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration.
Production of electricity geobacter surf authorstream presentation. One of these microorganisms, geobacter metallireducens, has an unusual survival tactic for life in the underworld. Introduction energy generation and waste disposal are two key challenges in the quest for sustainable societies. Geovibrio ferrireducens can grow by coupling the oxidation of proline to the reduction of fe iii 6. Nov 22, 2010 geobacter sulfurreducens is capable of coupling the complete oxidation of organic compounds to iron reduction. Had genes are observed leading to the hypothesis that these gene products may have unique, uncharacterized metabolic roles specific to their species. Geobacter are the junk food connoisseurs of the bacterial kingdom.
The ability to utilize either hydrogen or acetate as the sole electron donor for feiii reduction makes strain pca a unique addition to the relatively small group of respiratory metalreducing microorganisms available in pure culture. However, physical evidence for these proposed diet mechanisms has been lacking. Sep 30, 2011 a team of researchers at michigan state university, assisted by scientists at the energy departments argonne national laboratory, has demonstrated exactly how a family of bacteria known as geobacter use their arms to clean up nuclear waste and other toxic materials. Geobacter is the name of a genus that is located within the deltaproteobacteria comprising several. Additionally, each of the four isolates shared a low 16s rrna gene sequence similarity 92. Apr 18, 2002 geobacter metallireducens, the first organism found to completely oxidize organic compounds to carbon dioxide with feiii oxide serving as the electron acceptor 9,10,11, was previously reported. Genomic and microarray analysis of aromatics degradation in geobacter metallireducens and comparison to a geobacter isolate from a contaminated field site. In the case of uranium, it changes the metal from a soluble to an insoluble form. And they also have the ability to turn a form of uranium that dissolves easily in water to a form that does not, which makes it much easier to clean up. A new species name, geobacter sulfurreducens, is proposed. Together these results demonstrate that specific signaling can result from a promiscuous enzyme. Pseudomonas shewanella putrefaciens geobacter metallireducens rhodoferax ferrireducens these bacteria will directly transfer an electron to any type of conductive material cathode. These pili, named nanowires, can be produced by ironreducing bacteria such as geobacter metallireducens 6 or geobacter sulfurreducens 7 that are even able to. Syntrophic growth with direct interspecies electron.
Geobacter sulfurreducens is an anaerobic species of bacteria that comes from the family of bacteria called geobacteraceae. Flux analysis of central metabolic pathways in the feiii. The first geobacter species initially designated strain gs15 was isolated from the potomac river, just down stream from washington d. Microbial fuel cells provide an elegant solution by linking both tasks microbial fuel cell mfc technology represents a new form of renewable energy by generating electricity from what would others considered as waste. Geobacter anodireducens was the first geobacter species isolated from an anode biofilm based on its ability to generate current. Metabolic response of geobacter sulfurreducens towards.
Phosphopantetheine gmacp3 from geobacter metallireducens. It completely oxidizes organic carbons such as fatty acids, alcohols, and monoaromatic com. The protein sequences of one pair of these genes, gs. Facultative nitrate reduction by electroderespiring geobacter metallireducens biofilms as a competitive reaction to electrode reduction in a bioelectrochemical system. Geobacter metallireducens consumes these radioactive elements and essentially eats away at the contaminants. Five of the type strains geobacter anodireducens, g. Geobacter metallireducens specifically expresses flagella and pili, only when grown on insoluble feiii or mniv oxide, and is chemotactic towards feii and mnii under these conditions childers et al 2002. In fact, they can link together with neighboring geobacter buddies and transfer electrons through each other. Electricity production by geobacter sulfurreducens. The gramnegative metalreducing microorganism, previously known as strain gs15, was further characterized.
Publishers pdf, also known as version of record link back to dtu orbit citation apa. Public health service guidelines, it is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that their facilities comply with biosafety regulations for their own country. The first demonstration of dissimilatory uvi reduction was by lovley and coworkers 1991 who reported that the feiiireducing bacteria geobacter. Geobacter metallireducens accesses insoluble fe iii. Geobacter metallireducens is an important model organism for many novel aspects of extracellular electron exchange and the anaerobic degradation. Learn all about this amazing bacteria and how it can be harnessed as microbial fuel cells to generate electricity from soil and food waste. It is a strict anaerobe that oxidizes several shortchain fatty acids, alcohols, and monoaromatic compounds with feiii as the sole electron acceptor. Geobacter was found to be the first organism with the ability to oxidize organic compounds and metals, including iron, radioactive metals, and petroleum compounds into environmentally benign carbon dioxide while using iron oxide. They have a healthy appetite for all sorts of unhealthy foods, including uranium and petroleum compounds like oil.
It can produce high current densities 20, and it has the ability to forge direct electrical connections with methanogenic microorganisms 25, 26 for direct interspecies electron transfer diet. To investigate these possibilities further, we constructed geobacter metallireducens strain aro5, in which the wildtype pilin gene was replaced with the aro5 pilin gene that was previously shown to yield poorly conductive pili in geobacter sulfurreducens strain. Geobacter species are anaerobic respiration bacterial species which have capabilities that make them useful in bioremediation. Geobacter metallireducens specifically expresses flagella and pili only when grown on insoluble feiii or mniv oxide, and is chemotactic towards feii and mnii under these conditions. Expressing the geobacter metallireducens pila in geobacter. The geobacter metallireducens bacterium can couple the oxidation of a wide range of compounds to the reduction of several extracellular. Microbial degradation of the hydrocarbons in petroleum reservoirs is of interest because of its potential impact on the hydro. In order to better understand this electron transfer process for energy production, geobacter sulfurreducens was inoculated into chambers in which a graphite electrode served as the sole electron acceptor and acetate or hydrogen was the electron donor. The conventional microbial fuel cell consists of a cation or proton exchange chamber along with a cathode and anode linked in an electrical circuit the present microbial fuel cells produce outputs that are too low for most perceived practical applications. Geobacter strains expressing poorly conductive pili reveal. Its closest known relative is geobacter metallireducens. Scientists have found vast communities of geobacter on the ocean floor, all connected and transferring electrons in a vast network. The study of electrically conductive protein nanowires in geobacter sulfurreducens has led to new concepts for longrange extracellular electron transport, as well as for the development of sustainable conductive materials and electronic devices with novel functions. Sep 24, 2019 the study of electrically conductive protein nanowires in geobacter sulfurreducens has led to new concepts for longrange extracellular electron transport, as well as for the development of sustainable conductive materials and electronic devices with novel functions.
Proteobacteria deltaproteobacteria desulfuromonales geobacteraceae geobacter cells are rod. It is rodshaped, obligately anaerobic, nonfermentative, has flagellum and type four pili, and is closely related to geobacter metallireducens. Full text get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. Frontiers identification of genes specifically required. Metaleating microbe geobacter metallireducens swims. Presentations ppt, key, pdf logging in or signing up. The genome of geobacter metallireducens has a chromosome length of 3,997,420 bp. The electrically conductive pili epili of geobacter sulfurreducens serve as a. Geobacter metallireducens atcc 53774 and dsm 7210 lovley et al. Nov 27, 2011 geobacter metallireducens is an important model organism for many novel aspects of extracellular electron exchange and the anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds, but studies of its physiology have been limited by a lack of techniques for gene deletion and replacement. Geobacter metallireducens accesses insoluble feiii oxide by. The sequencing of geobacter sulfurreducens has led to new discoveries about the capabilities of geobacter.
The type species of the genus geobacter is geobacter metallireducens strain gs15, which was enriched and. Geobacter is used as a plot device in the first episode of the third season of regenesis. However, none of the amino acids tested by lovley et al. The genus geobacter represents the type genus of the family geobacteraceae which includes also the genera desulfuromonas, desulfuromusa, geoalkalibacter, geopsychrobacter, geothermobacter, malonomonas, and pelobacter. Evidence for the coexistence of direct and riboflavin. Geobacter can be harnessed as microbial fuel cells to generate electricity from soil and food waste. In contrast, the mutant g63p of gmesmug1 has exclusive activity for uracil, while n58d is inactive for both substrates, as we have reported previously. Onemegadalton metalloenzyme complex in geobacter metallireducens involved in benzene ring reduction beyond the biological redox window simona g. Frontiers geobacter protein nanowires microbiology. Geobacter metallireducens strain gs15, first isolated from freshwater sediment, is able to gain energy through the dissimilatory reduction of iron, manganese, uranium and other metals lovley and phillips 1988. Geobacter species are known to ferment acetate using extracellular, insoluble feiii and mniv oxides as terminal electron acceptors. Thermodynamic and functional characterization of the. Production of electricity geobacter surf authorstream. Geobacter metallireducens strain gs15 atcc 53774 dsm 7210.
This organism, known as geobacter metallireducens, was the first organism found to oxidize organic compounds to carbon. Geobacter metallireducens accesses insoluble fe iii oxide. Some species geobacter bemidjensis, geobacter bremensis, geobacter daltonii, geobacter grbiciae, geobacter hydrogenophilus, g. Here we report that another feiiireducer, geobacter metallireducens, has an alternative strategy for accessing feiii oxides. This article is from plos computational biology, volume 10.
Furthermore, acetate is also oxidized with the reduction of mn iv, u vi, and nitrate. Cooperative growth of geobacter sulfurreducens and. Abstractgeobacter species are of great interest for environmental and biotechnology applications as. This strict anaerobe oxidizes several shortchain fatty acids, alcohols, and monoaromatic compounds with feiii as the sole electron acceptor. Genomic and microarray analysis of aromatics degradation in. Likewise, to the 3446 proteincoding genes in the automated annotation of the g. Frontiers identification of genes specifically required for. Geobacter metallireducens an overview sciencedirect topics. The genomes of geobacter sulfurreducens and geobacter metallireducens each contain two potential. Genomic determinants of organohaliderespiration in geobacter. Geobacter metallireducens strain gs15 atcc 53774 dsm 7210 was isolated in the potomac river just downstream from washington d. Geobacter lovleyi is a unique member of the geobacteraceae because strains of this species share the ability to couple tetrachloroethene pce reductive dechlorination to cis1,2dichloroethene cisdce with energy conservation and growth i.
Identification of genes specifically required for the. Geo, the electric microbe is a species of environmentally friendly bacteria with some incredible abilities. We report that the two pilusfree geobacter species can form aggregates and grow syntrophically with diet. A specialized acyl carrier protein with atypical structural features and a. Geobacter metallireducens is a gramnegative metalreducing proteobacterium. The geobacter metallireducens bacterium can couple the oxidation of a wide range of compounds to the reduction of several extracellular electron acceptors, including pollutants or electrode surfaces for current production in microbial fuel cells. Geobacter sulfurreducens is a rodshaped microbe with a gramnegative cell wall. Strain sz also reduces uvi to uiv and contributes to uranium immobilization, making g. To understand the role of geobacter in fuel cells it is important to comprehend what a microbial fuel cell is. Had q39r98, have 65% sequence identity and 77% sequence similarity with each other. Geobacter sulfurreducens was the first geobacter species for which methods for genetic manipulation were developed aklujkar and lovley, 2010, coppi et al. Regan department of civil and environmental engineering, the pennsylvania state university, university park, pa, 16802, united states.
317 656 905 1502 728 199 1565 479 365 1398 639 76 1281 180 1302 307 1202 534 1472 1468 1332 1420 640 854 12 1406 80 465 422 276 15